Diagnostics refers to the investigation and identification of disease states in medicine. The modern diagnostic industry generally falls into two broad categories: in vitro diagnostics (from the Latin meaning “in glass”) and in vivo diagnostics (from the Latin meaning “in the living”). In vitro diagnostics involves the removal samples of tissue such as blood, saliva, biopsy samples from a living organism for examination in the laboratory setting, whereas in vivo diagnostics involves observing and testing tissue and function in a living organism—techniques such as medical imaging (x-rays, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, etc.) and monitoring like electrocardiography, electroencephalography, etc.).